GEOGRAPHY EASY ELEARNING: EARTH'S SPHERES

The Earth is made up of four distinct yet connected spheres, that make a system

NOTE:

System: Complex whole formed from related parts: a combination of related parts organized into a complex whole

Open system: Matter is transferred from system to system.

Closed system: Matter is not transferred from system to system.

Earth system: All of the matter, energy, and processes within Earth's boundary.

THE GEO-SPHERE

• It also called the Lithosphere

• It is the solid and rocky part of the Earth including minerals

• It extends from the center of Earth to the surface of Earth.

• The geo-sphere is divided into three layers based on chemical composition:

THE BIOSPHERE

• This is the life layer

• It is composed of all of the living organisms on the planet.

• This includes all of the plants, animals, bacteria, fungi and single-celled organisms found on Earth (both on land and in the sea).

A biome is a formation of plants and animals that have common characteristics due to similar climates and can be found over a range of continents.

THE HYDROSPHERE

• It is made up of all the water on Earth.

• This includes all of the rivers, lakes, streams, oceans, groundwater, polar ice caps, glaciers and moisture in the air (like rain and snow).

• The hydrosphere is found on the surface of Earth, but also extends down several miles below, as underground water

NOTE: The Cryosphere is the frozen part of Earth's hydrosphere is made of ice: glaciers, ice caps and icebergs

THE ATMOSPHERE

• It is a layer of gases surrounding the Earth’s surface, held by Earth’s gravitational force.

• It is a mixture of mostly invisible gases that surrounds Earth.

• The atmosphere extends outward about 500 to 600 km of the surface of Earth.

• The main gases that make up the atmosphere are nitrogen 78%, and Oxygen 21%.

The atmosphere comprises of four layer:

GEOGRAPHY EASY ELEARNING